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Khushal Jethava

Gita Gyan · Chapter 16 of 18

Daivasura Sampad Vibhaga Yoga

दैवासुरसम्पद्विभागयोग

The Yoga of the Divine and the Demonic · 24 verses

Two natures run through the world: the divine (fearless, truthful, compassionate, forgiving) and the demonic (arrogant, angry, insatiable). Krishna reassures Arjuna that he was born with the first, then paints an unsparing portrait of the second: bound by a hundred ropes of hope, saying "this is mine, and that will be mine too." The way out is through avoiding three gates: desire, anger and greed.

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Verses 16.1–16.5

Fearlessness first

The list of divine qualities begins with fearlessness and runs through purity, generosity, self-control, non-violence, truth, compassion, gentleness, forgiveness and modesty (16.1–3). The divine nature frees; the demonic binds. "Do not grieve," Krishna tells Arjuna. "You were born with the divine nature" (16.5).

16.1

Krishna said

अभयं सत्त्वसंशुद्धिः ज्ञानयोगव्यवस्थितिः।
दानं दमश्च यज्ञश्च स्वाध्यायस्तप आर्जवम् ॥

abhayaṃ sattvasaṃśuddhiḥ jñānayogavyavasthitiḥ
dānaṃ damaśca yajñaśca svādhyāyastapa ārjavam

Fearlessness, purity of heart, steadfastness in knowledge and yoga, generosity, self-control, sacrifice, study of scripture, austerity, uprightness,

16.2

अहिंसा सत्यमक्रोधस्त्यागः शान्तिरपैशुनम्।
दया भूतेष्वलोलुप्त्वं मार्दवं ह्रीरचापलम् ॥

ahiṃsā satyamakrodhastyāgaḥ śāntirapaiśunam
dayā bhūteṣvaloluptvaṃ mārdavaṃ hrīracāpalam

non-violence, truthfulness, freedom from anger, renunciation, peace, not finding fault, compassion for all beings, freedom from greed, gentleness, modesty, steadiness,

16.3

तेजः क्षमा धृतिः शौचमद्रोहो नातिमानिता।
भवन्ति सम्पदं दैवीमभिजातस्य भारत ॥

tejaḥ kṣamā dhṛtiḥ śaucamadroho nātimānitā
bhavanti sampadaṃ daivīmabhijātasya bhārata

vigour, forgiveness, fortitude, purity, freedom from malice and from excessive pride: these belong to one born with the divine nature, Bharata.

16.4

दम्भो दर्पोऽभिमानश्च क्रोधः पारुष्यमेव च।
अज्ञानं चाभिजातस्य पार्थ सम्पदमासुरीम् ॥

dambho darpo'bhimānaśca krodhaḥ pāruṣyameva ca
ajñānaṃ cābhijātasya pārtha sampadamāsurīm

Hypocrisy, arrogance, self-conceit, anger, harshness and ignorance belong to one born with the demonic nature, Partha.

16.5

दैवी सम्पद्विमोक्षाय निबन्धायासुरी मता।
मा शुचः सम्पदं दैवीमभिजातोऽसि पाण्डव ॥

daivī sampadvimokṣāya nibandhāyāsurī matā
mā śucaḥ sampadaṃ daivīmabhijāto'si pāṇḍava

The divine nature leads to freedom, the demonic to bondage. Do not grieve, Pandava: you were born with the divine nature.

Verses 16.6–16.12

A hundred ropes of hope

The demonic see a world without truth or foundation, driven only by desire. Clinging to cravings that can never be filled, worried until death, they are bound by hundreds of ropes of hope (16.12), piling up wealth by any means to feed what they want.

16.6

द्वौ भूतसर्गौ लोकेऽस्मिन् दैव आसुर एव च।
दैवो विस्तरशः प्रोक्त आसुरं पार्थ मे श्रृणु ॥

dvau bhūtasargau loke'smin daiva āsura eva ca
daivo vistaraśaḥ prokta āsuraṃ pārtha me śrṛṇu

There are two kinds of beings in this world, the divine and the demonic. The divine has been described at length; now hear from me about the demonic, Partha.

16.7

प्रवृत्तिं च निवृत्तिं च जना न विदुरासुराः।
न शौचं नापि चाचारो न सत्यं तेषु विद्यते ॥

pravṛttiṃ ca nivṛttiṃ ca janā na vidurāsurāḥ
na śaucaṃ nāpi cācāro na satyaṃ teṣu vidyate

People of demonic nature know neither how to act nor how to refrain. Neither purity, nor good conduct, nor truth is found in them.

16.8

असत्यमप्रतिष्ठं ते जगदाहुरनीश्वरम्।
अपरस्परसम्भूतं किमन्यत्कामहैतुकम् ॥

asatyamapratiṣṭhaṃ te jagadāhuranīśvaram
aparasparasambhūtaṃ kimanyatkāmahaitukam

They say the world is without truth, without foundation, without God, produced by mere union, with desire as its only cause.

16.9

एतां दृष्टिमवष्टभ्य नष्टात्मानोऽल्पबुद्धयः।
प्रभवन्त्युग्रकर्माणः क्षयाय जगतोऽहिताः ॥

etāṃ dṛṣṭimavaṣṭabhya naṣṭātmāno'lpabuddhayaḥ
prabhavantyugrakarmāṇaḥ kṣayāya jagato'hitāḥ

Holding this view, these lost souls of small understanding and cruel deeds rise up as enemies of the world, for its destruction.

16.10

काममाश्रित्य दुष्पूरं दम्भमानमदान्विताः।
मोहाद्गृहीत्वासद्ग्राहान्प्रवर्तन्तेऽशुचिव्रताः ॥

kāmamāśritya duṣpūraṃ dambhamānamadānvitāḥ
mohādgṛhītvāsadgrāhānpravartante'śucivratāḥ

Clinging to desire that can never be filled, full of hypocrisy, pride and arrogance, holding wrong ideas through delusion, they act with impure resolves.

16.11

चिन्तामपरिमेयां च प्रलयान्तामुपाश्रिताः।
कामोपभोगपरमा एतावदिति निश्चिताः ॥

cintāmaparimeyāṃ ca pralayāntāmupāśritāḥ
kāmopabhogaparamā etāvaditi niścitāḥ

Bound to endless worries that end only with death, making the gratification of desire their highest aim, convinced that this is all there is,

16.12

आशापाशशतैर्बद्धाः कामक्रोधपरायणाः।
ईहन्ते कामभोगार्थमन्यायेनार्थसञ्चयान् ॥

āśāpāśaśatairbaddhāḥ kāmakrodhaparāyaṇāḥ
īhante kāmabhogārthamanyāyenārthasañcayān

bound by hundreds of ropes of hope, given over to desire and anger, they strive to pile up wealth by unjust means to feed their cravings.

Verses 16.13–16.20

"Who else is like me?"

Their inner voice: "This I gained today, that I'll get tomorrow. This is mine and that will be mine. I am the lord, I am powerful, who else is like me?" (16.13–15). Caught in a net of delusion, they hate the very God who lives in every body, and sink lower birth after birth.

16.13

इदमद्य मया लब्धमिमं प्राप्स्ये मनोरथम्।
इदमस्तीदमपि मे भविष्यति पुनर्धनम् ॥

idamadya mayā labdhamimaṃ prāpsye manoratham
idamastīdamapi me bhaviṣyati punardhanam

"This I have gained today; this desire I will fulfil. This is mine, and this wealth too will be mine.

16.14

असौ मया हतः शत्रुर्हनिष्ये चापरानपि।
ईश्वरोऽहमहं भोगी सिद्धोऽहं बलवान्सुखी ॥

asau mayā hataḥ śatrurhaniṣye cāparānapi
īśvaro'hamahaṃ bhogī siddho'haṃ balavānsukhī

That enemy I have slain, and I will slay others too. I am the lord, I am the enjoyer; I am successful, powerful and happy.

16.15

आढ्योऽभिजनवानस्मि कोऽन्योऽस्ति सदृशो मया।
यक्ष्ये दास्यामि मोदिष्य इत्यज्ञानविमोहिताः ॥

āḍhyo'bhijanavānasmi ko'nyo'sti sadṛśo mayā
yakṣye dāsyāmi modiṣya ityajñānavimohitāḥ

I am rich and well-born. Who else is like me? I will sacrifice, I will give, I will rejoice." So they think, deluded by ignorance.

16.16

अनेकचित्तविभ्रान्ता मोहजालसमावृताः।
प्रसक्ताः कामभोगेषु पतन्ति नरकेऽशुचौ ॥

anekacittavibhrāntā mohajālasamāvṛtāḥ
prasaktāḥ kāmabhogeṣu patanti narake'śucau

Bewildered by many thoughts, caught in the net of delusion, addicted to the gratification of desire, they fall into a foul hell.

16.17

आत्मसम्भाविताः स्तब्धा धनमानमदान्विताः।
यजन्ते नामयज्ञैस्ते दम्भेनाविधिपूर्वकम् ॥

ātmasambhāvitāḥ stabdhā dhanamānamadānvitāḥ
yajante nāmayajñaiste dambhenāvidhipūrvakam

Self-important, stubborn, drunk on the pride of wealth, they perform sacrifices in name only, out of show, ignoring the proper way.

16.18

अहङ्कारं बलं दर्पं कामं क्रोधं च संश्रिताः।
मामात्मपरदेहेषु प्रद्विषन्तोऽभ्यसूयकाः ॥

ahaṅkāraṃ balaṃ darpaṃ kāmaṃ krodhaṃ ca saṃśritāḥ
māmātmaparadeheṣu pradviṣanto'bhyasūyakāḥ

Given over to ego, force, arrogance, desire and anger, these envious people hate me, who dwell in their own bodies and in the bodies of others.

16.19

तानहं द्विषतः क्रूरान्संसारेषु नराधमान्।
क्षिपाम्यजस्रमशुभानासुरीष्वेव योनिषु ॥

tānahaṃ dviṣataḥ krūrānsaṃsāreṣu narādhamān
kṣipāmyajasramaśubhānāsurīṣveva yoniṣu

These cruel haters, the worst of men, I hurl again and again into demonic wombs in the cycles of rebirth.

16.20

असुरीं योनिमापन्ना मूढा जन्मनि जन्मनि।
मामप्राप्यैव कौन्तेय ततो यान्त्यधमां गतिम् ॥

asurīṃ yonimāpannā mūḍhā janmani janmani
māmaprāpyaiva kaunteya tato yāntyadhamāṃ gatim

Falling into demonic wombs, deluded birth after birth, never reaching me, son of Kunti, they sink to the lowest state.

Verses 16.21–16.24

Desire, anger and greed

There are three gates to this hell, and they destroy the self: desire, anger and greed (16.21). Leave all three and you walk toward your highest good. And when unsure what to do, don't follow impulse; let wise guidance be your measure.

16.21

त्रिविधं नरकस्येदं द्वारं नाशनमात्मनः।
कामः क्रोधस्तथा लोभस्तस्मादेतत्त्रयं त्यजेत् ॥

trividhaṃ narakasyedaṃ dvāraṃ nāśanamātmanaḥ
kāmaḥ krodhastathā lobhastasmādetattrayaṃ tyajet

Three are the gates of this hell, destroying the self: desire, anger and greed. So one should give up these three.

16.22

एतैर्विमुक्तः कौन्तेय तमोद्वारैस्त्रिभिर्नरः।
आचरत्यात्मनः श्रेयस्ततो याति परां गतिम् ॥

etairvimuktaḥ kaunteya tamodvāraistribhirnaraḥ
ācaratyātmanaḥ śreyastato yāti parāṃ gatim

One who is freed from these three gates of darkness, son of Kunti, acts for their own good and so reaches the highest goal.

16.23

यः शास्त्रविधिमुत्सृज्य वर्तते कामकारतः।
न स सिद्धिमवाप्नोति न सुखं न परां गतिम् ॥

yaḥ śāstravidhimutsṛjya vartate kāmakārataḥ
na sa siddhimavāpnoti na sukhaṃ na parāṃ gatim

Whoever sets aside the guidance of scripture and acts on the impulse of desire attains neither perfection, nor happiness, nor the highest goal.

16.24

तस्माच्छास्त्रं प्रमाणं ते कार्याकार्यव्यवस्थितौ।
ज्ञात्वा शास्त्रविधानोक्तं कर्म कर्तुमिहार्हसि ॥

tasmācchāstraṃ pramāṇaṃ te kāryākāryavyavasthitau
jñātvā śāstravidhānoktaṃ karma kartumihārhasi

So let scripture be your authority in deciding what should and should not be done. Knowing what scripture prescribes, you should act in this world.